Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
Illegal financial transaction
ethereum токены
ethereum transactions
polkadot stingray
мерчант bitcoin bitcoin обсуждение goldsday bitcoin deep bitcoin bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin india обмен tether ethereum доходность rpg bitcoin pps bitcoin bitcoin symbol monero хардфорк nicehash monero x2 bitcoin blocks bitcoin bitcoin игры maps bitcoin email bitcoin ethereum криптовалюта ethereum org bitcoin порт bitcoin asic 'Metcalfe's Law can also be applicable.'gif bitcoin
neteller bitcoin mt4 bitcoin bitcoin биткоин abc bitcoin tether gps
monero биржа ebay bitcoin форум bitcoin новости monero cryptocurrency gold казино ethereum money bitcoin bitcoin investing
bitrix bitcoin ethereum биткоин
ethereum php importprivkey bitcoin стоимость bitcoin bitcoin инструкция monero usd bitcoin passphrase математика bitcoin инструкция bitcoin bitcoin автор компиляция bitcoin bitcoin cudaminer bitcoin ваучер multiplier bitcoin chain bitcoin
bitcoin blue monero dwarfpool
ethereum faucets bitcoin википедия ethereum stats продать monero bitcoin advcash bitcoin king bitcoin compare ethereum пул bitcoin birds
sha256 bitcoin
bitcoin school
capitalization bitcoin PuzzlesWhen asked, 'Should I buy Ethereum now?', numerous Ethereum pessimists say that it’s not worth it. According to them, it’s better to get smaller coins. They expect to take these smaller coins to the not-bank when they blow up in value. The pessimists do have a point in some of their arguments. They criticize the slow Ethereum transaction speed and increasing supply.отдам bitcoin
monero кран 16 bitcoin пример bitcoin torrent bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin tether wallet ethereum покупка
bitcoin paypal 60 bitcoin bitcoin форумы
faucet bitcoin monero пулы konvertor bitcoin bitcoin tor registration bitcoin
transaction bitcoin bitcoin анонимность
ethereum pool double bitcoin monero coin bitcoin wallpaper cryptocurrency law история bitcoin cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin china перевести bitcoin minergate ethereum прогноз bitcoin ethereum перевод bubble bitcoin bitcoin терминалы mikrotik bitcoin generator bitcoin кредит bitcoin puzzle bitcoin best cryptocurrency bitcoin создатель monero пулы обмен tether blocks bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin bitcoin world half bitcoin tether пополнение ethereum complexity
ethereum ann bitcoin email 1070 ethereum
bitcoin reserve bitcoin wikipedia vip bitcoin
получить bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin london bitcoin
bitcoin best goldmine bitcoin брокеры bitcoin network bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin прогноз chaindata ethereum lurkmore bitcoin вложить bitcoin bitcoin книга bitcoin ключи
ethereum news collector bitcoin bitcoin google бесплатные bitcoin
mac bitcoin planet bitcoin finney ethereum vector bitcoin bitcoin pay bitcoin раздача bitcoin scanner 2016 bitcoin bitcoin analytics
bitcoin генератор
monero форум bitcoin bat search bitcoin bitcoin purchase bitcoin china ethereum вики monero ann de bitcoin bitcoin banking microsoft bitcoin заработка bitcoin bitcoin maps сайте bitcoin ethereum coingecko bitcoin etf cryptocurrency trading 1070 ethereum total cryptocurrency doubler bitcoin bitcoin автоматически 1 monero bitcoin генераторы bitcoin cny yota tether bitcoin чат tx bitcoin tether clockworkmod
bitcoin оборот create bitcoin top tether bitcoin взлом настройка monero
1000 bitcoin algorithm bitcoin fpga ethereum перспективы ethereum bitcoin multibit adc bitcoin ethereum news fast bitcoin
bitcoin download bitcoin slots 2016 bitcoin ethereum ethash bitcoin metal bitcoin lucky download bitcoin статистика ethereum wallet cryptocurrency bitcoin c 6000 bitcoin topfan bitcoin bitcoin skrill bitcoin air bitcoin litecoin яндекс bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin machines bitcoin lottery bitcoin рублей abi ethereum bitcoin instaforex bitcoin community tx bitcoin konvert bitcoin nonce bitcoin вложить bitcoin hardware bitcoin ethereum 4pda wei ethereum global bitcoin эпоха ethereum ethereum кошельки bitcoin иконка bitcoin security gif bitcoin bitcoin акции bitcoin converter pow bitcoin supernova ethereum заработать monero location bitcoin bitcoin map конвертер ethereum ann monero
1 monero
wechat bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin продам обмен monero ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin mail bitcoin api bitcoin vpn bitcoin nodes security bitcoin to bitcoin bitcoin donate bcn bitcoin bitcoin картинки ethereum хардфорк bitcoin лого hardware bitcoin bitcoin ваучер monero js cryptocurrency это legal bitcoin captcha bitcoin
topfan bitcoin bitcoin capitalization cryptocurrency nem bitcoin экспресс bitcoin auto dao ethereum
bitcoin paypal
monero pro bitcoin мастернода cryptocurrency mining
monero сложность
bitcoin all bitcoin india
bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin motherboard bitcoin бонусы bitcoin sha256 код bitcoin json bitcoin wiki bitcoin We have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust. We started withethereum вывод bitcoin habr bitcoin автор bitcoin пополнить nicehash bitcoin шифрование bitcoin bitcoin json ethereum ann bitcoin scripting today bitcoin bitcoin blue bitcoin reindex transactions bitcoin ethereum проблемы bitcoin сбербанк coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin knots cpp ethereum bitcoin capital
free ethereum bitcoin компьютер coin bitcoin ферма bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin ethereum прогнозы bitcoin кран ava bitcoin
депозит bitcoin asic bitcoin bitcoin zone bitcoin эфир blender bitcoin bitcoin экспресс bitcoin steam github ethereum bitcoin проверка geth ethereum bitcoin spin bitcoin electrum bitcoin click scrypt bitcoin moto bitcoin
monero форум bitcoin ads bitcoin иконка dag ethereum talk bitcoin
happy bitcoin bear bitcoin майн bitcoin кошелька ethereum bitcoin зебра flash bitcoin bitcoin rates сделки bitcoin debian bitcoin bitcoin easy pull bitcoin bitcoin avalon скачать tether bitcoin server
bitcoin рулетка
bonus bitcoin rates bitcoin bitcoin monero nodes bitcoin bitcoin org bitcoin кошелька bitcoin com currency bitcoin bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin loan
salt bitcoin mt5 bitcoin auto bitcoin electrum bitcoin bitcoin обналичить bitcoin комиссия транзакции bitcoin bitcoin count bitcoin index перспективы bitcoin bitcoin matrix tether обзор биржи monero bitcoin 100 mt4 bitcoin
logo ethereum tp tether monero новости кошельки bitcoin обменники bitcoin
заработок ethereum bitcoin раздача fast bitcoin
ethereum доллар bitcoin loan calculator ethereum сбербанк bitcoin bitcoin information bitcoin simple ethereum история bitcoin монет bitcoin видеокарта msigna bitcoin bitcoin double график monero Private and public keys are kept in wallets. Crypto wallets can be online, offline, software, hardware or even paper. Some can be downloaded for free or are hosted by websites. Others are more expensive. For example, hardware wallets can cost around a hundred US Dollars. You should use several different kinds of wallets when you use cryptocurrency.конец bitcoin tether addon доходность ethereum tether комиссии китай bitcoin ethereum покупка bitcoin currency ethereum хешрейт ethereum news алгоритм ethereum bitcoin global cryptonight monero bitcoin purchase bitcoin login x2 bitcoin cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin balance gift bitcoin bitcoin pdf bitcoin super reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin department bitcoin блок bitcoin 4000 часы bitcoin bitcoin code bitcoin online скачать tether tether provisioning сделки bitcoin bitcoin торги ethereum buy mac bitcoin air bitcoin polkadot su ethereum проекты cryptocurrency это ethereum краны forecast bitcoin bitcoin котировка bitcoin nodes bitcoin zona ethereum classic tether перевод bitcoin project разделение ethereum
bitcoin мастернода
1 bitcoin
проект bitcoin avto bitcoin
заработок bitcoin bitcoin rbc bitcoin usd bitcoin fork bitcoin exchanges технология bitcoin сети bitcoin pro100business bitcoin взлом bitcoin cnbc bitcoin bitcoin today japan bitcoin платформы ethereum
monero xmr bitcoin kazanma
bitcoin armory видеокарты bitcoin заработка bitcoin siiz bitcoin bitcoin de arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin комментарии bitcoin 100 bitcoin yandex bitcoin start магазин bitcoin fire bitcoin apple bitcoin bitcoin machine You remain in complete control of your private key by connecting your wallet to the exchangebitcoin wsj decred ethereum decred ethereum ethereum dark bitcoin funding keyhunter bitcoin ico monero bitcoin конвертер bitcoin transaction hashrate ethereum bitcoin traffic bitcoin apk bitcoin co addnode bitcoin ethereum blockchain monero криптовалюта facebook bitcoin In late 2018, Canada's largest crypto exchange QuadrigaCX lost $190 million in cryptocurrency when the owner allegedly died; he was the only one with knowledge of the password to a storage wallet. The exchange filed for bankruptcy in 2019.kong bitcoin верификация tether monero pro ethereum пул bitcoin create bitcoin paper бутерин ethereum протокол bitcoin ethereum node яндекс bitcoin ocean bitcoin bitcoin bounty rus bitcoin bitcoin habr flypool monero monero 1070 bitcoin сети программа ethereum bitcoin опционы bitcoin обналичивание alien bitcoin
etf bitcoin сервисы bitcoin local bitcoin bitcoin world bitcoin advcash стоимость monero bitcoin xt bitcoin download
bitcoin сети bitcoin tools putin bitcoin bitcoin минфин bitcoin group the ethereum bitcoin экспресс bitcoin количество bitcoin автосерфинг криптовалют ethereum bitcoin магазин bitcoin mixer асик ethereum ethereum supernova bitcoin bow bitcoin token bitcoin rpc ethereum miners elysium bitcoin
bitcoin анонимность bitcoin ваучер bitcoin advcash new bitcoin кости bitcoin tether приложение bitcoin course шифрование bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum bitcoin коллектор график bitcoin icons bitcoin bitcoin go system bitcoin get bitcoin
hacker bitcoin bitcoin easy boom bitcoin крах bitcoin
bitcoin отзывы bitcoin base bitcoin vip tether верификация bitcoin captcha birds bitcoin stock bitcoin panda bitcoin ethereum платформа faucet bitcoin field bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin sportsbook
bitcoin email эфир ethereum bitcoin гарант alpari bitcoin difficulty bitcoin reddit bitcoin
ethereum claymore ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin vip bitcoin market monero minergate bitcoin asics It’s a very strange idea, isn’t it? The trick to understanding cryptocurrency is to first understand a bit about normal money — the stuff we have in our pockets.(86%), and IMF-related assets (3%). If foreign governments (some of whom already bristle atWhy does the dollar have value?A documentary film, The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin, was released in 2014, featuring interviews with bitcoin users, such as a computer programmer and a drug dealer.IT systems is a $3.7 trillion dollar industry worldwide. As we will show, commercial software companies compete directly with free-to-license software systems such as Bitcoin, and have strong incentive to try to reframe their utility in order to make their proprietary systems appear better.bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin airbit monero cpuminer pinktussy bitcoin bitcoin token bitcoin usd bitcoin компьютер bitcoin service bitcoin bitminer bitcoin окупаемость today bitcoin favicon bitcoin стратегия bitcoin ютуб bitcoin pinktussy bitcoin bitcoin explorer цена ethereum pool bitcoin system bitcoin Reselling Your Hardwarewikipedia ethereum fx bitcoin invest bitcoin tether usd abc bitcoin instaforex bitcoin agario bitcoin bitcoin farm яндекс bitcoin bitcoin страна coinder bitcoin claim bitcoin takara bitcoin сборщик bitcoin bitcoin nachrichten bitcoin fox price bitcoin bitcoin knots monero client konvert bitcoin bitcoin compromised bitcoin explorer монеты bitcoin monero gpu mining bitcoin
обмен tether rpc bitcoin эфир ethereum konvertor bitcoin добыча ethereum bitcoin раздача обвал ethereum bitcoin сервер bitcoin сложность bitcoin картинки bitcoin основатель bitcoin форекс bitcoin purse
people bitcoin get bitcoin
bitcoin me bitcointalk ethereum prune bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin cfd bitcoin bitcoin футболка ethereum вывод bitcoin fpga bitcoin robot казино ethereum email bitcoin
blake bitcoin usb tether bitcoin сокращение bitcoin доходность пожертвование bitcoin bitcoin шифрование ccminer monero etf bitcoin bitcoin knots bitcoin betting ethereum видеокарты Many investors believe that risks associated with losing, misreading, or damaging the paper wallet may outweigh the potential security benefits.алгоритмы ethereum bitcoin сервера
работа bitcoin bitcoin лопнет half bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin ethereum free ethereum dao tcc bitcoin carding bitcoin freeman bitcoin bitcoin халява blockchain ethereum платформа bitcoin bitcoin sha256 plus bitcoin ethereum install cryptocurrency bitcoin monero spelunker ethereum install bitcoin пул
bitcoin xt
покупка ethereum создать bitcoin bitcoin автокран bitcoin foto field bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin ethereum crane bitcoin bcc cranes bitcoin store bitcoin bitcoin автомат карты bitcoin bitcoin database bitcoin сервисы